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Praise for Refugee A New York Times Notable Book An Amazon Best Book of the Year A Kirkus Reviews Best Book of the Year A Publishers Weekly Best Book of the Year A Junior Library Guild Selection This heart-stopping novel is not only compellingit is necessary. Judy Blundell, National Book Awardwinning author of What I Saw and How I Lied With urgent, clear-eyed storytelling, Refugee compellingly explores the desperation and strength that unites those struggling for a place to call home. Eliot Schrefer, New York Times bestselling author and two-time National Book Award finalist for Threatened and Endangered Powerful. The captains in a tight spot, he is. The villagers on the beach cheered for them, and Seor Castillo revved the engine, leaving the charging policemen in their wake. Refugee is a historical fiction novel written in 2017 that weaves together three compelling stories of families seeking sanctuary in other countries. Hours later, the train pulled in to Hamburg Central Railway Station. The smuggler had just told them their boat wasn't leaving tonight. One terribly heartbreaking story is the unjustified killing of an 18-year-old Palestinian, Mahmoud al-Saad Jenin. Isabel looked back over her shoulder. Please, take us with you!, At least take my sister! Mahmoud begged. Complete your free account to request a guide. Their mother would pray by herself in her bedroom. That afternoon, a group of Hitler Youth were waiting for Josef outside the school. But now? Buy tickets. Wheres Papi? she asked him. A synagogue, on board the ship? Papa said. The girls yanked up the string, and they all dropped to the deck behind the rail where the man couldnt see them laughing. Pick it back up! Teachers and parents! To get you to Miami? The refugees are transferred from prison cells to a detention camp, reuniting Mahmouds family. The water wasnt working again, so he had to pour water over his hands using the plastic jugs his mother had hauled from the neighborhood well. The bright lights of the camera swung away from Isabel and lit up what looked like a party on the beach. Not yet. That is when incidents like this occur, and the world calls the Cuban government cruel and inhumane. Fidel Castro, the man who ruled Cuba as president and prime minister, wouldnt allow anyone to leave the countryespecially not to go to the United Statesel norte, as Cubans called it. After four years of war, he has become paranoid, and his younger brother, Waleed, no longer expresses emotions. Mahmoud Bishara is a 12-year-old boy from Aleppo, Syria who lives in 2015 in the book Refugee. Josef sacrifices himself when his family is refused refuge in Cuba, in order for his sister, Ruth, to be saved from the extermination camps. Waleed? he heard his mother cry, and she came out from behind the pile of rubble with the Sarraf family, all of them covered in gray dust. Everybody stay calm, Dad said, slowing the car down, and let me do all the talking. One of the soldiers stood in front of the car, his rifle aimed loosely at the windshield, while the others walked around the sides, peering in through the windows. The cat was so tiny it could only nibble at the beans. But a few years ago, in 1989, the Soviet Union had fallen, and Cuba had hit rock bottom. Six months and eleven days! the Brownshirt said. Not here. Ivn, nail. People are rioting in Havana! Isabel said. They tumbled into the ditch beside his parents. The building groaned again, and a kitchen on the top floor began to tip toward the street. Instant PDF downloads. What does mahmoud father instruct them to do when they get on the ferry boat? Most of the farms in Cuba grew only sugarcane. Mahmoud has lived his life trying to be invisible since the civil war started because in Syria that is how he can stay safe. Beyond the next door was the German part of the train. Our, "Sooo much more helpful thanSparkNotes. If the phones were out, he was probably working on trying to fix them. But each of them had an automatic rifle, which was really all that mattered. Tomorrow, hed told Mahmouds father. Dont stop for anything. However, Hana is lost and nowhere to be found, presumably lost or dead. Mahmoud Bishara-Refugee - ArcGIS StoryMaps Ivn and Luis father, as well as Seora Castillos spouse, is Seora Castillo. The shock shut Ruth up, but only for a moment. It felt like ages since hed been inside a synagogue. Fatima! Validate reading with our Dynamic Quiz System. Teach your students to analyze literature like LitCharts does. Josef raised himself up. All of the refugees follow and Mahmouds parents catch up as well. Empathy and Social Responsibility. Isabel was worried the Castillos were going to get caught. He walked on along the promenade, looking for a steward he could tell about the bathroom stalls. The MEA air barrier market is projected to reach US$ 1,576.20 million by 2028, up from US$ 1,258.12 million in 2022. My father just got out of a concentration camp. The Jewish people on the ship were seeking asylum, just like us. Youssef stops for gas a little north of Aleppo. what were two observations the boys made about lesbos from the boat? Instant downloads of all 1699 LitChart PDFs He and Isabel had been friends as long as she could remember. It was usually held on the first Shabbosthe Sabbath, the Jewish day of restafter a boys thirteenth birthday. Freedom! No, we Isabel! As Josefs eyes adjusted, he saw the seven strangers who had invaded his home. But everyone seemed to be having fun. Despite being exhausted and in agony, Mahmoud must battle to stay afloat in the middle of the Mediterranean Sea with no boat or life jacket. When the refugees reach Austria, people greet them with cheers and throw them food, water, and supplies. Do you know what the greatest achievements of the Cuban Revolution are? Isabels father Josef and Ruth each carried a suitcase, and their mother carried two more one for herself, and one for Josefs father. And there were so many boats. Isabel clung to the wooden bench she sat on, squeezed in between Ivn and her grandfather. The north. Mahmoud is 12 years old, he is kind of stoke has thick black eyebrows a strong nose and wears a hoodie. Mahmoud pulled himself up out of the rubble and saw the building across the street in raw daylight, like he was standing in midair beside it. Not without Josefs father. Josef stood and stared. A building shuddered and collapsed, smoke and debris avalanching out into the street. Weve spent too much time talking about it and not doing anything. Thats what they wantedto get out of Syria using the fastest path possible. He looked over his shoulder like he wanted Hana was wailing, but Mahmoud almost couldnt hear her over the sound of the gunfire. DOCX University of Exeter Hated him because of everything hed done to the Jews, but mostly because of what Hitler had done to his father. If youd just give me a chance to explain The Brownshirt ignored Papa and nodded at the other men. That soundit was like someone had kicked the front door in. After halting the vehicle on the highway, what did the Serbian taxi driver do? I know it. Detailed quotes explanations with page numbers for every important quote on the site. Just four years ago, Aleppo had been a beautiful, bright city, until 2011 came and a wave of revolutions swept through the Middle East. Josef didnt want to leave. Tomorrow. Trauma and growing up: The novel highlights the cruelty of having to become an adult. The people chose not to see them. Other children darted in and out among the adults, laughing and chasing each other into the alleys of tents off the main drag. Refugee (Alan Gratz) Read the first paragraph of Ch.22 . Her eyes were wet with tears. The shabby man who had lurched from the shadows like an escapee from a mental asylum was Josefs father, Aaron Landau. Mahmoud Bishara Character Analysis in Refugee | LitCharts Everywhere around them, people fled into the streets, covered in gray dust and blood. Quickly now, children, Mama said. Step after step, kilometer after kilometer, hed begun to think they would never, ever escape Syria. I am a college student studying to be an elementary school teacher. He wore a suit and tie in front of a Syrian flag, doves of peace and yellow shining light surrounding him. Mahmoud lived in a refugee camp with his family in the city of Jenin, which is the West Bank. After Herr Meier had called him in front of the class to show how Jews were inferior to real Germans, Josef had returned to his seat next to Klaus, his best friend in the class. CHIKAI (KINGDOM Orchestra Instrumental Version) - YouTube Back when people saw them. Josef: On the Atlantic Ocean 1939, 6 days, Josef: On the Atlantic Ocean 1939, 8 days, Isabel: Straits of Florida 1994, 1 day (1), Josef: On the Atlantic Ocean 1939, 10 days, Isabel: Straits of Florida 1994, 1 day (2), Josef: On the Atlantic Ocean 1939, 11 days, Isabel: The Straits of Florida 1994, 1 day (3), Mahmoud: Izmir, Turkey 2015, 11 days (1), Josef: On the Atlantic Ocean 1939, 14 days, Isabel: The Straits of Florida 1994, 1 day (4), Mahmoud: Izmir, Turkey 2015, 11 days (2), Josef: On the Atlantic Ocean 1939, 17 days, Isabel: Straits of Florida 1994, 2 days, Mahmoud: The Mediterranean 2015, 11 days (1), Mahmoud: The Mediterranean 2015, 11 days (2), Isabel: Between Bahamas and Florida 1994, 4 days, Mahmoud: The Mediterranean 2015, 11 days (3), Isabel: Between Bahamas and Florida 1994, 5 days (1), Mahmoud: Lesbos to Athens 2015, 12 days (3), Isabel: Between Bahamas and Florida 1994, 5 days (2), Mahmoud: Macedonia to Serbia 2015, 14-15 days, Isabel: Coast of Florida 1994, 5 days (1), Mahmoud: Serbia to Hungary 2015, 15-16 days, Isabel: Coast of Florida 1994, 5 days (2), Isabel: Coast of Florida 1994, 5 days (3), Josef: Vornay, France 1940, 1 year, 1 month, 10 days, Isabel: Coast of Florida 1994, 5 days (4), Mahmoud: Hungary to Germany 2015, 17 days. Mahmoud felt as stunned as his mother sounded. After what seemed like an eternity of looking over their papers, the border guard finally stapled temporary visas onto their passports and let them through. Oh, thank God youre alive! their mom said. Gustav Schroeder, the ships diminutive captain, was there to greet them at the door. Mahmoud Bishara (12) In what year did the Arab Spring come to Syria? Unfortunately, the boat runs aground onto rocks and pops, dumping all the passengers in the freezing water. They're like having in-class notes for every discussion!, This is absolutely THE best teacher resource I have ever purchased. Well go without you. They left him pacing the room, muttering to himself. Thankyouthankyouthankyou. The Hitler Youth breathed hard, his face red like he was the one in trouble. The fisherman came to his door, licking his fingers and frowning. the leader of Syria in 2015. Tomorrow. I think its time we met the other person on board with us, Isabels grandfather said. And what is your name, pretty one? Lito asked her. It wasnt my mother and father, and you, Lito. She grabbed her trumpet, gave it one long, sad look, and ran out the back door. Josefs family eventually chooses to emigrate by traveling to Cuba aboard the notorious MS St. Louis. Then she had it. Bombings and death were a normal part of Mahmouds life. Before Jews were scared to gather together in public places. Refine any search. A man in Damascus, the capital of Syria, was imprisoned for speaking out against Assad. Castros order to let people leave must have still been good! Ive been talking to him on WhatsApp, Dad continued, holding up his phone. In all the times hed dreamed of this day, his father had always been there to recite a blessing with him. I want to watch American television, Ivn said. He was dusty and smelled like he hadnt had a bath in months, and the heat of the road radiated off him and his rifle like a stove. Today she was wearing her usual around-the-house attire: jeans and a pink nurses shirt she used to wear to work. Teachers and parents! They're like having in-class notes for every discussion!, This is absolutely THE best teacher resource I have ever purchased. Your name must be Summer, because youre making me sweat! The girl smiled, but Isabels mother slapped Lito on the leg. We can be in Turkey by tomorrow. You'll be able to access your notes and highlights, make requests, and get updates on new titles. Instant PDF downloads. Mahmouds father kept their papers tucked into his pants under his shirt, along with all of their moneythe only other things they owned now besides two phones and two chargers. I parked the car nearby. One of the girls had found a long piece of string and was dangling it over the side, tickling the noses of passengers who were sleeping in chairs down on A-deck. To walk around getting noticed by the Syrian army or the rebels fighting them was just inviting trouble. Falling Action 1: Mahmoud and his family are imprisoned, along with hundreds of other Syrian refugees, for trying to cross the Hungarian border, which does not accept migrants. Castro out! Enough is enough! Isabel couldnt believe what she was hearing. They were supposed to be on holiday, seeing ancient ruins and beautiful Greek beaches, not stepping over filthy, praying refugees. Were refugees! Mahmoud yelled, unable to stay silent any longer. Josef, Ruthie, Renata, and Evelyne had to swallow their snickers as the steward reached down with his free hand and tried and failed to open the door. There were no trees, no shade, no parks or football fields or rivers. That seemed like a good omen to him. Isabels narrative is eerily similar to that of many Cubans under the dictatorship of Fidel Castro. Another policeman had caught his arm! Hana Bishara Character Analysis in Refugee | LitCharts Mahmoud explains how they gave, people who hadnt survived. Isabels mother, almost nine months pregnant, was the only one not helping to carry the boat. Thank you. She got a hand to the side of the boat and looked back. Gratz is the best-selling author of more than a dozen novels for children, including Refugee, which debuted on the New York Times best-seller list in August, and Ban This Book, which was released just last week. Mahmoud: Izmir, Turkey 2015, 11 days from home (1). They were right. She hadnt had much time to even imagine it. Soon all of them were laughing with her. A Syrian pop song blared from the radio, and young men and women danced and laughed alongside the taxi. The afternoon adhan from a nearby mosque echoed through the bombed-out streets of Aleppo, the melodious, ethereal voice of the muadhdhin praising Allah and calling everyone to prayer. The soldiers throw tear gas and take the refugees into custody,loading the subdued refugees up in trucks and driving them to a detention facility almost all the way to Austria. Isabel knew that, because her own father had tried and had been thrown in jail for a year. What happened? Isabels mother asked. Soon after landing in Greece, Mahmouds father gets them onto a ferry that will take them to Athens. It seems inappropriate for such a sacred moment to be celebrated in the presence of Hitler. Josef had seen paintings of the Nazi leader all over the ship, and the first-class social hall was no exception. Josef shuddered. Detailed quotes explanations with page numbers for every important quote on the site. Enough to arrest her family for trying to leave Cuba. Mahmoud and Waleed turned down a different rubble-strewn alley than the day before and stopped dead. People often stopped to listen to her and clap and tap their feet. Ivn, nail. Ivn handed him another nail. Refugee is more than a story about children fleeing their homelands, it is a story about what unites us all: love, family, and perseverance. Christina Diaz Gonzalez, award-winning author of Moving Target A gripping, visceral, and hold-your-breath intense story of three young refugees. John Green, #1 New York Times bestselling author of Turtles All the Way Down An intelligent, human, harrowing read. Ellen Silva, NPR Meant to be read, discussed, and shared widely. School Library Journal A haunting fictional treatment of historic events. Booklist Unflinching and sympathetic. The New York Times A stunning, poignant novel. "My students can't get enough of your charts and their results have gone through the roof." Were against whoever is dropping the bombs too, the soldier at the window said. And just in time. Mahmoud looked up at where his apartment had been. Oh, and I also need you to help me carry these back. Senora Castillo had mishandled the boat, which had landed up on the sand. St. Louis was the name of a city in America, Josef had learned. His breath left him all at once, and he fell to the floor with a heavy thud in a heap of metal and mortar. A recent tally has placed the reported death toll for this journey across the Mediterranean at above 15,000 since only 2014,and the actual number is likely much higher). More bullets whizzed by overhead, and soon the rebel soldiers whod been riding with them were returning fire, their automatic rifles booming in Mahmouds ears like he was in a barrel and they were beating on the outside of it with hammers. Mahmoud: Macedonia to Serbia 2015, 14 to 15 days from home, Policemen are guarding the border from Greece to Macedonia, and, Mahmoud: Serbia to Hungary 2015, 15 to 16 days from home, Mahmoud: Hungary 2015, 16 days from home, yelling in Arabic that they dont want their filth in Hungary either, calling them parasites., The policeman then says that they will be sent back to Serbia. She staggered to the door of her bedroom, Hana crying in her arms. They ran out of food too fast. I cant stay here, Papi said. He was thinner too. Porter? Josef stood in wonder as another sailora German man without a Star of David armband, a man who wasnt a Jewput a suitcase under each arm and one in each hand and led them up the gangway. An alarm rang. Even Castro stopped talking, and the TV went back to showing the baseball game. Dont be so quick to grow up, boy, the Brownshirt told Josef. Answers: 1. (including. Their children looked like miniature versions of them, and acted like miniature adults toothere was very little crying and whining, and none of the kids were playing. No! The shadows threw him to the floor. Chabela! her grandfather shouted when he saw her. Ivn was a year older than Isabel and lived next door. One such scholar is Mahmoud Mamdani who, although he shares many of Rouhana's concerns, makes a useful comparison between the Native American and Palestinian situations. T he main characters in Refugee are Josef Landau, Isabel Fernandez, and Mahmoud Bishara. Well, I need money. I dont have any money, Isabel said. My students love how organized the handouts are and enjoy tracking the themes as a class., Requesting a new guide requires a free LitCharts account. Lights came on in houses nearby, and curtains ruffled as people looked out at the noise. If his parents had died in the airstrike, would he want revenge on their killers? Its not safe here. Couldnt breathe! Give us the whole sum of money! Tomorrow morning well have the sun to guide us. All that matters now is we get as far away from Cuba as we can, said Luiss girlfriend. The smuggler had just told them their boat wasnt leaving tonight. perspective of Refugee. Well find her and bring her home., Were not criminals! one of the other men in the cell yelled at him. "My students can't get enough of your charts and their results have gone through the roof." In some places, women were being stoned and killed for not covering up their entire bodies, especially in areas controlled by Daeshwhat the rest of the world called ISIS. A pistol rang out again over the waves, and the crowd on the beach cried out in panic. We werent together when it started, her grandfather said. He sobbed with the effort of fighting off the mans fingers and hanging onto the dinghy. Amara laughed and Luis smiled. They couldnt afford their old place, not since the Nazis told Josefs father he wasnt allowed to practice law anymore because he was Jewish. Klaus had winced to show Josef how sorry he was that Herr Meier had done that to him. A few hours later, they watched from the promenade as tugboats pushed the MS St. Louis away from the dock, and passengers threw confetti and celebrated and blew tearful kisses good-bye. Complete your free account to access notes and highlights. Chabela! her mother called. asked. From the creators of SparkNotes, something better. Tools to track, assess, and motivate classroom reading. Many guns and artillery. Isabel was listening for the clave underneath the music, the mysterious hidden beat inside Page 17 - New Politics A tag already exists with the provided branch name. He had to get up. Yet Mahmoud also hints at some of the drawbacks that come with being invisible, such as the fact that Mahmoud and Khalid had to stop being friends, thus cutting off a vital source of support for Mahmoud. that matters to him in this moment is finding Fatima, Waleed, and his infant sister, are glassy, but he is able to talk. They were in Turkey! She wasnt paying any attention anyway. Children with missing limbs. Detailed quotes explanations with page numbers for every important quote on the site. Missiles and bombs thudded nearby, close enough to shake loose parts of walls. Hush now. They cowered together on the floor as the shadows picked up Ruths bed and threw it against 2011 (14) IWB are their Sunni Muslims and Shia Muslims? Teachers and parents! When they pulled his white linen shirt off him, his back was covered with welts. We need help!, Dont you see? Lito said. With his fathers mental health deteriorating quicker, Josef threatens him to ensure that he can pass the medical inspection to get into Cuba, reversing their roles as father and son. Teacher Editions with classroom activities for all 1699 titles we cover. There wont be enough men there to form a minyan! Papa said. I thought Id never see you again! It was. Please, Isabel begged. Isabels stomach growled. He then hears, cry out for help, but the dinghy isnt slowing down. PDFs of modern translations of every Shakespeare play and poem. Disappear. Refugee Important Quotes | SuperSummary Mahmoud Bishara's story begins in 2015, during the ongoing Syrian Civil War. He remembered the map of the world that hung in his classroom. People were as thick on the ground as sugarcane. Im Josef, he told the other girls when theyd all gathered themselves together. Turkish guards in light green camo gear with automatic weapons and white surgical masks over their faces walked up and down the line, staring at each of them in turn. What nation and city had Mahmoud and his family been waiting in line to enter? Refugee (Alan Gratz) What are Mahmoud Bishara's character traits? He wanted to look away, but he was worried that might make the guards think he was hiding something. Seor Castillo was in charge of the boat. I want to be able to choose who I vote for, Luis said. As Josef dried his eyes, he realized he hadnt played like this, hadnt laughed like this, for many years. But the food shortages had driven more and more Cubans to el norte. Mahmoud realizes it is up to him to do something. She was barefoot like always, and wore a tank top and shorts. He left the compartment quietly and walked along the corridor past the other Jewish families in their compartments.