It results in increased costs, higher production rates, and lower . So basically it helped explorers reach their destination. Even though the empires of Mexico and Peru had already had thriving trade routes, superior technology and biological factors of new diseases to which the Amerindians had no resistance gave Europeans the advantage. With the Reconquista complete and Spain a unified country, Ferdinand and Isabella could turn their attention to overseas exploration. This innovation helped the Age of Exploration flourish because it showed explorers what direction they were headed. Over two centuries, the Spanish established an empire over two continents that changed the lives of the Amerindians, the very face of the land itself, and indeed, the entire world. positivism constructivism or interpretivism and pragmatism what was the effect of spanish and portuguese exploration? Amy has MA degrees in History, English, and Theology. As many of those eventually sank, shipwrecks may represent a local source of mercury contamination in the marine environment. . The effect of the Thrash's set items were huge. Sugar fueled the Atlantic slave trade, and the Portuguese islands quickly became home to sugar plantations. (credit: modification of work by National Park Service), Next: Religious Upheavals in the Developing Atlantic World, Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, Describe Portuguese exploration of the Atlantic and Spanish exploration of the Americas, and the importance of these voyages to the developing Atlantic World, Explain the importance of Spanish exploration of the Americas in the expansion of Spains empire and the development of Spanish Renaissance culture. The Reconquista marked another step forward in the process of making Spain an imperial power, and Ferdinand and Isabella were now ready to look further afield. How did the Spanish exploration impact natives? - Sage-Advices 27 chapters | They traded up the Zambezi river and interfered with the existing inland African trade. Spain. They also found a sea route to India. Many ideas and methods of expansion were flowed along over time. 5 Pages. Christopher Columbus incorrectly believed he had found India when he landed at San Salvador in the Bahamas in 1492. Columbuss 1493 letteror probanza de mrito (proof of merit)describing his discovery of a New World did much to inspire excitement in Europe. Henry the Navigator. Portuguese sailors continued to make important discoveries in this new arena as well. The Spanish then murdered hundreds of high-ranking Mexica during a festival to celebrate Huitzilopochtli, the god of war. The results of the study allowed us to discover the characteristics of the contents which have an effect on informal learning, favoring the child's creativity and the development of abilities and. Spanish and Portuguese Exploration Flashcards | Quizlet The Portuguese destroyed the Arab trade routes in the Indian Ocean between Africa, Arabia and India. Europeans gained new materials like gold, silver, and jewels. Spanish Exploration: Summary, Reasons & Effects | StudySmarter In the eighteenth century, a French historian compared Spanish and Portuguese expansion in the New World in the following terms: The conquests of the Portuguese in the New World are not as pleasing on a broad view as the conquests of Mexico and Peru. Ushered in a new age of sustained global contact; world connected through networks of exchange. The process where the Spanish and Portuguese Christians reclaim the Iberian Peninsula is called the Reconquista. Columbus made a total of four voyages to the New World, but he honestly believed for the rest of his life that he had found the Far East. Rather than leading to the discovery of gold and silver, however, the expedition simply left Coronado bankrupt. The Spanish monarchs knew that Portuguese mariners had reached the southern tip of Africa and sailed the Indian Ocean. In either case, she demonstrates one way in which native peoples responded to the arrival of the Spanish. After taking Cuba in 1511, the Spanish continued traveling further into the territory with the conquistador, Hernan Cortes, attacking the Aztec Empire in 1519, taking their capital of Tenochtitlan in 1521. The Portuguese replaced Arab control of the trade in ivory, gold and slaves with their own. Pizarro began his work by capturing the Incan king and holding him for ransom, the astronomical amount of which flooded the Spanish coiffures and made empire-building more lucrative than it had ever been. 3 What impact did Portuguese have on Africa? Such endeavors were accomplished by the conquistadors Hernan Cortes and Francisco Pizarro, who subdued the Aztec and Incan Empires in 1521 and 1533. After Columbus voyages to the New World, the Portuguese, Spanish, French, Dutch, and English began the active exploration and exploitation of the newly discovered land in the Americas. Why did the authors of probanzas de mritos choose to write in the way that they did? Seeking to ensure that Columbuss finds would remain Spanish, Spains monarchs turned to the Spanish-born Pope Alexander VI, who issued two papal decrees in 1493 that gave legitimacy to Spains Atlantic claims at the expense of Portugal. Spains acquisitiveness seemingly knew no bounds as groups of its explorers searched for the next trove of instant riches. From these strategic points, Portugal spread its empire down the western coast of Africa to the Congo, along the western coast of India, and eventually to Brazil on the eastern coast of South America. Sources. The Portuguese led the way as explorers sponsored by Prince Henry the Navigator sailed down the coast of Africa, establishing a profitable trade in gold and slaves. On October 12, 1492, however, he made landfall on an island in the Bahamas. Spaniards captained the other three ships (San Antonio, Concepcin, and Victoria), and constant Spanish scheming against the Portuguese would have grave consequences for the voyage. The Spanish quickly set out to explore, conquer, and colonize, which was bad news for the Amerindians who got in their way as they launched their empire. Exploration of North America - HISTORY Most trades for Western Europe required overland travel, which only grew more difficult with Ottoman conquests in the East. The marriage of Ferdinand of Aragon and Isabella of Castile in 1469 unified Catholic Spain and began the process of building a nation that could compete for worldwide power. Other explorers made their way up the California coast and across the American southeast. There are many spices and vast mines of gold and other metals in this island. - Translation into English - examples Arabic They explored the coasts of Africa and brought back gold and slaves. How did Portuguese and Spanish exploration effect the people in Africa? Spain also grew increasingly wealthy, but the influx of gold and silver currency eventually caused serious problems leading Charles V to declare bankruptcy and spread inflation throughout Europe. In this instance, Cortes actually operated without approval from the Spanish crown or the governor of the Cuban colony because he desired a chance to make his own name and wealth without the credit going to his superiors. Along the way, the explorers were always on the lookout for gold and silver. In anticipation of winning his own honor and riches, Corts later explored the Yucatn Peninsula. Merchants then used these Atlantic outposts as debarkation points for subsequent journeys. Those who resisted were punished by a system called encomienda, in which natives were assigned to settlers through land grants as part of a deal. The Age of Discovery & Exploration - Practice Test Questions & Chapter Perched on the southwestern part of the Iberian peninsula, Portugal turned to the boundless Atlantic Ocean as its only outlet to the wider world. In the following years, as European exploration spread, slavery spread as well. Age Of Exploration Dbq Essay - 644 Words | Internet Public Library The Spanish followed suit, beginning with Christopher Columbus, before moving beyond mere trade and focusing on empire building. Europeans longed for the luxuries of the Far East, including silks, pepper, and spices, but the Far East trade was dominated by Muslims and Venetians who hauled the goods over land, making them extremely expensive. After Christopher Columbus bumped into the New World in 1492, a string of explorers and conquistadors set about claiming territory for Spain. Impact of the Age of Exploration - StudyMode Key Explorers The key figure in early Portuguese exploration was Prince Henry, the son of King John I. Nicknamed "the Navigator," Henry was not an explorer himself. Beginning in about 1418, Henry sent explorers to sea almost every year. Bartolome de Las Casas speaks with the Amerindians, then with the Spanish leaders. The motives for Spanish exploration was to find Northwest Passage, which they believed was a direct and efficient route to the Orient home of spices, silks and wealth. Portuguese Exploration and Spanish Conquest - U.S. History The bullwhip effect is a term used in supply chain management to describe how minor changes in consumer demand at the retail level can cause significant demand fluctuations upstream toward raw material suppliers. Between 1540 and 1542, Coronado led a large expedition of Spaniards and native allies to the lands north of Mexico City, and for the next several years, they explored the area that is now the southwestern United States ([link]). THE SPANISH GOLDEN AGE The exploits of European explorers had a profound impact both in the Americas and back in Europe. Europeans wanted to find their own trade routes and cut out the middle men, and with their better ships, maps, and navigational tools, they finally had the technology to do it. Corts arrived on Hispaniola in 1504 and took part in the conquest of that island. Vasco Nez de Balboa traveled across Panama in 1513 and saw the Pacific Ocean for the first time. The carrack first appeared, historians believe, in the late 13th and early 14th centuries. The Spanish explorers were in search of mineral wealth, looking for El Dorado (the City of Gold) and they aspired to spread Christianity. Las Meninas (The Maids of Honor), painted by Diego Velzquez in 1656, is one of the best-known paintings in history. Millions of Amerindians died by violence and disease as the Spanish marched through their lands, and even the very face of the land changed as the explorers and settlers brought new livestock, weeds, and germs to the New World. Portugal, the western-most European country, was one of the primary players in the European Age of Discovery and Exploration. The system also allowed them to protect their imports as they traveled back to Portugal. 201-202. One of the greatest lasting effects of Spanish incursion into Latin America was the . Along the way, they discovered plenty of ways to make a profit from their voyages, and pretty soon they were leaders in the gold and slave trades. He might have gotten all the way to India if his crew hadn't mutinied. This material (including graphics) can freely be used for educational purposes such as classroom presentations in universities and colleges. SE. This conflict provided the background for the heralded Age of Discovery, whereupon European nations began exploring new horizons to find means of expanding their influence and discovering new and hopefully shorter trade routes. There were different reasons for the Spanish and Portuguese exploration, with the Portuguese establishing a trading post empire to protect their goods, and Spain focusing on. 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What was the effect of Spanish and Portuguese exploration? If you continue to use this site we will assume that you are happy with it. The Spanish established the first European settlements in the Americas, beginning in the Caribbean and, by 1600, extending throughout Central and South America. Other countries would soon follow suit with France and Spain founding colonies for trade connections and means of dealing with dissident religious groups in North America. Portuguese exploration along the African coast was marked by trading rather than colonization with the empire-building posts to protect their ships carrying spices and gold back to Portugal and allying with African kings when possible. It took nearly a year for the Spanish and the tens of thousands of native allies who joined them to defeat the Mexica in Tenochtitln, which they did by laying siege to the city. This exchange benefitted Europeans more than Native Americans because Europeans spread smallpox , a deadly disease, to Native Americans when they came into contact with them. Columbuss discovery opened a floodgate of Spanish exploration. What was the effect of Spanish and Portuguese exploration? Only by playing upon the disunity among the diverse groups in the Aztec Empire were the Spanish able to capture the grand city of Tenochtitln. Malintzin remains a controversial figure in the history of the Atlantic World; some people view her as a traitor because she helped Corts conquer the Aztecs, while others see her as a victim of European expansion. found and claimed Pacific Ocean for Spain and called it the south sea Hernando Cortes 1519- to find gold glory and god. The exploits of European explorers had a profound impact both in the Americas and back in Europe. But we can also fact-check these descriptions, whereas the Spanish court could only take them at face value. Treaty of Tordesillas - National Geographic Society Portugal discovered new lands, new sea routes and made better maps of the world. Explore the collection at The Cervantes Project for images, complete texts, and other resources relating to Cervantess works. The Spanish monarchs knew that Portuguese mariners had reached the southern tip of Africa and sailed the Indian Ocean. More than a dozen veterans shared their concerns with U.S. Secretary of Veterans Affairs Denis McDonough and U.S. Rep. Mary Peltola. For many Europeans, the Age of Exploration signifies a time when new lands were discovered. In the following years, as European exploration spread, slavery spread as well. Age of Exploration Jeopardy Template conquered Aztecs, killed emperor, collected gold Ferdinand Magellan Large numbers of Spanish people came to live and work in their new lands of Central and South America. Almost as an afterthought, the Portuguese turned west to Brazil in the 16th century and began settlement in 1533. This era began in the late 1400's and lasted through the 1700's. It is responsible for influencing European culture, initiating globalization, and introducing colonialism around the world. Taming the Bullwhip: An Exploration of the Supply Chain Ripple Effect There were new places to explore, room to spread out, and cultures and economies to discover and even control. Vasco de Balboa 1513- goal was to find gold and a new sea. The increased flow of silver altered the worldwide global trading both socially and economically. what was the effect of spanish and portuguese exploration? Great Explorers of Spain and Portugal: Aims & Discoveries, Radical Reformation Origins & Beliefs | Anabaptists & Antitrinitarians. The land there is elevated, with many mountains and peaks incomparably higher than in the centre isle. Corts was also aided by a Nahua woman called Malintzin (also known as La Malinche or Doa Marina, her Spanish name), whom the natives of Tabasco gave him as tribute. The dungeon of the fort now served as a holding pen for African slaves from the interior of the continent, while on the upper floors Portuguese traders ate, slept, and prayed in a chapel. The two went hand in hand and produced individuals who both exploited the natives and truly wanted to help them. Although Europeans continued to trade with the east, especially the seagoing Venetians, the venture was expensive and unsanctioned by the Catholic Church, which forbade Christian trade with Muslim empires. Ottoman Turks controlled much of the land routes to the East, and they initially charged exorbitant taxes for traders to get through. Everywhere they traveled, they brought European diseases, which claimed thousands of native lives as well as the lives of the explorers. Spanish and Portuguese Atlantic encounters set in motion the Columbian Exchange Columbian Exchange: The exchange of plants, animals, and diseases between Europe, Africa, and the Americas from first contact through the Age of Exploration (1500-1599). Portugal's wealth increased due to its control of the spice trade with India. Upon Columbuss return to Spain, the Spanish crown bestowed on him the title of Admiral of the Ocean Sea and named him governor and viceroy of the lands he had discovered. Portuguese maritime exploration - Wikipedia Portugal & the Age of Exploration - World History Encyclopedia Huguenots Overview, History & Beliefs | Who were the Huguenots? The surviving Spaniards, numbering a little over three hundred, returned to Mexico City without finding the much-anticipated mountains of gold and silver. Discover the motivations & goals of Spanish & Portuguese exploration of the New World & Asia. What does it reveal about the state of geographical knowledge, as well as European perceptions of the New World, at the beginning of the sixteenth century? explored ante empire in Mexico. What was the effect of Spanish and Portuguese exploration? Indeed, the Renaissance world was looking outward. Seoul Station's Necromancer - Chapter 180: Defense (4) | Light Novel World Elmina Castle on the west coast of Ghana was used as a holding pen for slaves before they were brought across the Atlantic and sold. SPANISH EXPLORATION.docx - Primary vs Secondary Prince Henry the Navigator - Facts, Timeline & Significance - Biography In the 15th century the Portuguese started exploring new lands. In 1488, Bartholomeu Dias managed to make his way around the Cape of Good Hope at the southern tip of Africa. There was plenty of room to spread out, interesting cultures and landscapes to explore, natives to Christianize, and even better, economic opportunities galore, including new sources of gold and silver. How Portugal became the first global sea power - CBS News What was the success of Spain and Portugal? The Spanish looked south in the 1530s and 1540s. However, when Columbus in fact discovered America, the subsequent discoveries of indigenous peoples led the Catholic country to move beyond pure trade goals to establish lasting colonies that would add to Spain's greatness and spread Catholicism to the New World. Spain and Portugal were considered to be the major exponents of The Age of Discovery, stretching from the early 15 th century to mid-17 th century. During the winter of 154041, the explorers waged war against the Tiwa in present-day New Mexico. Sugar fueled the Atlantic slave trade, and the Portuguese islands quickly became home to sugar plantations. This slave trade also came into greater usage when the Portuguese followed the Spanish in setting their sights across the Atlantic, colonizing Brazil in the 1530s. Francisco Vsquez de Coronado was born into a noble family and went to Mexico, then called New Spain, in 1535. Hernando de Soto had participated in Pizarros conquest of the Inca, and from 1539 to 1542 he led expeditions to what is today the southeastern United States, looking for gold. When expanded it provides a list of search options that will switch the search inputs to match the current selection. (04.05) Painting of a scene showing European explorers and native peoples in the New World. What impact did Portuguese have on Africa? The natives quickly became the bulk of the workforce and were horribly abused despite Isabel's orders to the contrary. Effects of Spanish Rule in North and South America: 1. Columbus' reports about the many people already living in the New World prompted Queen Isabel to consider them under her protection as members of the Spanish Empire, promising to bring them to the Catholic faith and wanting them to be fairly treated. Which country established the first colonies in the Americas? Spain and Portugal divided the New World by drawing a north-to-south line of demarcation in the Atlantic Ocean, about 100 leagues (555 . 4 What are the long lasting effects of Spanish Exploration today? An exchange of ideas, fueled and financed in part by New World commodities, began to connect European nations and, in turn, to touch the parts of the world that Europeans conquered. What are the long lasting effects of Spanish Exploration today? Using the explorers first name as a label for the new landmass, Waldseemuller attached America to his map of the New World in 1507, and the name stuck. The Impact of Portuguese Exploration Portugal's explorers changed Europeans' understanding of the world in several ways. The extensive overseas exploration, with the Portuguese and Spanish at the forefront, later joined by the Dutch, English, and French, emerged as a powerful factor in European culture, most notably the European colonization of the Americas. He participated in successful expeditions in Panama before following rumors of Inca wealth to the south. Felicity Moran received a Bachelors in history from Franciscan University of Steubenville, and a Master's in history from the University of Cincinnati, where she taught at the collegiate level for two years. The local Amerindian population were enslaved by the Spanish, and forced to work. Spanish and Portuguese Exploration in the Americas She has taught college English and religious education classes and currently works as a freelance writer. Columbus' discoveries also shifted the reasons behind Spanish exploration from trade to empire-building and exploration. Hogwarts Legacy is a third-person action-adventure game with some minor RPG and exploration folded into the mix. Under the leadership of Prince Henry the Navigator, Portugal took the principal role during most of the fifteenth century in searching for a route to Asia by sailing south around Africa. Q. The traditional European narrative of exploration presents the victory of the Spanish over the Aztec as an example of the superiority of the Europeans over the savage Indians. The Portuguese also traded these slaves, introducing much-needed human capital to other European nations. The resulting Treaty of Tordesillas in 1494 drew a north-to-south line through South America ([link]); Spain gained territory west of the line, while Portugal retained the lands east of the line, including the east coast of Brazil. He spent most of his life in the Americas advocating for the natives. When Corts explored central Mexico, he encountered a region simmering with native conflict. Any other uses, such as conference presentations, commercial training progams, news web sites or consulting reports, are FORBIDDEN. Magellan and Joo Serro were the only Portuguese captains, with Magellan in charge of the largest ship, the Trinidad, and Serro at the helm of the Santiago. Wine and dried fruits from Algarve were sold in Flanders and England, salt from Setbal and Aveiro was a profitable export to northern Europe, and leather and kermes, a scarlet dye, were also exported. What did the Portuguese and Spanish contribute to the age of What were the effects of later Spanish exploration? - Short-Fact Without her, Corts would not have been able to communicate, and without the language bridge, he surely would have been less successful in destabilizing the Aztec Empire. People were curious, interested, and eager for fresh experiences and observations. The Hapsburg dynasty, which ruled a collection of territories including Austria, the Netherlands, Naples, Sicily, and Spain, encouraged and financed the work of painters, sculptors, musicians, architects, and writers, resulting in a blooming of Spanish Renaissance culture.