Collias, D. I. et al. Reduction in life expectancy in Brazil after COVID-19 - Nature 2 Topics under the 2021 call 1. In Ullmans Encyclopedia of Industrial Chemistry. endobj sub-programme "Transition to clean energy". Hayes, R. L., Armacost, K. A., Vilseck, J. a, Ratio of COVID-19 deaths reported in 2021 (JanuaryApril) to those reported in 2020 (%). The authors declare no other competing interests. Rev. Rocha, R. et al. sub-programme "Nature and Biodiversity". y?UT=*b!k jV/d=ucKW|8pJ{XCz"Xb3lhUY?|4~'"nj(\9c XP9@p*;+dw. Lancet Glob. Lines represent changes for Brazil. Barbosa, R. J., Souza, P. H. G. F. & Soares, S. S. D. Distribuio de Renda nos Anos 2010: uma dcada perdida para desigualdade e pobreza. Nature Governance ID LIFE-2021-SAP-NAT-GOV Types of action LIFE Project Grants Deadline model single-stage Opening date 13 July 2021 Deadline date 30 November 2021 17:00:00 Brussels time Projetos SNAP (os chamados projetos integrados no anterior Regulamento, mas agora especficos The resulting chain-shortened PAAP&G fragments were then dialyzed to remove excess acid, lyophilized, and then ground into a powder. Article 15), producing the relatively small estimates of life expectancy decline. 4074 https://biblioteca.ibge.gov.br/index.php/biblioteca-catalogo?id=297884&view=detalhes (IBGE, Coordenao de Geografia, 2016). Lancet 394, 345356 (2019). In Amap, the femalemale gap is estimated to increase by 2.1 years, the highest among the states (Fig. LIFE-2022-SAP-NAT Nature and Biodiversity - Standard Action Projects (SAP) Page contents Details Description Details Status Closed Publication date 17 May 2022 Opening date 17 May 2022 Deadline model Single-stage Deadline date 04 October 2022, 17:00 (CEST) Funding programme Programme for the Environment and Climate Action (LIFE) Department 100th Anniversary of macromolecular science viewpoint: redefining sustainable polymers. of 2-ethylhexanol and H2SO4 as a catalyst (Fig. Estimates of period mortality rates require an estimate of the population exposed to the risk of dying. Genomics and epidemiology of a novel SARS-CoV-2 lineage in Manaus, Brazil. PDF Programme for the Environment and Climate Action (LIFE) Z. Given multiple AIG Prestige, AIG EVP Quest and Citi E-Thank You awards for exceeding process target and providing continued assistance to the team.<br><br>SKILLS <br> Experienced in Master Data . Holmes, L. et al. This compromised screening for cancer, with a reduction of about 35% in new diagnoses28. Life cycle assessments (LCA) were performed to assess the cumulative energetic and environmental impacts of producing 1kg of adhesive via our open-loop recycling method. 5). https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-021-24488-9, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-021-24488-9. Carvalho, C. A., Viola, P. C. A. F. & Sperandio, N. How is Brazil facing the crisis of food and nutrition security during the COVID-19 pandemic? Gairs ir kiti dokumentai - LIFE projektai Three-quarters attack rate of SARS-CoV-2 in the Brazilian Amazon during a largely unmitigated epidemic. We estimated reductions in e0 and e65 due to COVID-19, for each state and sex, from the difference between the 2020 period life table and the DT20 estimates (Supplementary Tables 3 and 4), between the 2019 period life table and the DT19 estimates for 2020 (Supplementary Tables 5 and 6) and between the 2019 period life table and the DT19 estimates for 2021 (Supplementary Table 11). COVID-19 exacerbated inequality, exposing the most vulnerable to food insecurity and severe hunger38,39. In contrast, when acetic acid was reacted with ethanol/water, the conversion was only 68%. Next, undecanoic acid was esterified under the same conditions, yielding 100% ester for 2-ethylhexanol/water and 85% for ethanol/water. Inicio / Programas UE / LIFE2027 / LIFE-2021-SAP-NAT-GOV (LIFE-2021-SAP-NAT-GOV) - NATURE GOVERNANCE. To calculate person-years for 2020, we first interpolated population projections, assuming exponential growth by age, sex and state, for the first day of each month in 2020. Sustainable polycarbonate adhesives for dry and aqueous conditions with thermoresponsive properties, Recent advances in biodegradable polymers for sustainable applications, Hydroplastic polymers as eco-friendly hydrosetting plastics, Moisture outgassing from siloxane elastomers containing surface-treated-silica fillers, End-of-life upcycling of polyurethanes using a room temperature, mechanism-based degradation, Recyclable thermoset hyperbranched polymers containing reversible hexahydro-s-triazine, Water-processable, biodegradable and coatable aquaplastic from engineered biofilms, Packaging materials with desired mechanical and barrier properties and full chemical recyclability, https://www.alliedmarketresearch.com/pressure-sensitive-adhesives-market, https://www.statista.com/statistics/282732/global-production-of-plastics-since-1950, https://www.epa.gov/sites/production/files/2019-11/documents/2017_facts_and_figures_fact_sheet_final.pdf, https://www.ellenmacarthurfoundation.org/publications/the-new-plastics-economy-rethinking-the-future-of-plastics-catalysing-action, https://www.futuremarketinsights.com/reports/super-absorbent-polymer-market, https://www.petrochemistry.eu/wp-content/uploads/2018/01/150727_EBAM-Eco-profile-Acrylic-Monomers-1.pdf, http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/, Closed-loop chemical recycling of cross-linked polymeric materials based on reversible amidation chemistry, Functional Acrylate Polymer Synthesis: Postpolymerization Modification Approach. We showed that a largely unmitigated pandemic, in a context of local inequalities, resulted in a high and unequal mortality burden. Cad. d, Number of COVID-19 deaths in 2020 per 100,000 people by state (Methods). Brazil does not lack a universal healthcare system, a network of community health agents to target vulnerable communities, sufficient data and a capable cadre of researchers tirelessly advancing knowledge and informing policy. & Urey, H. C. The mechanisms of acid catalyzed ester hydrolysis, esterification and oxygen exchange of carboxylic acids. Previous studies used this approach to estimate life tables in the presence of COVID-19 (refs. CAS Without a change in coordination of pandemic response, expansion of testing and a rapid increase in vaccination, Brazil will soon become a serious threat to national and global health security42. & Garenne, M. The 1918 influenza epidemics effects on sex differentials in mortality in the United States. The ecoinvent database version 3 (part I): overview and methodology. J. Mol. & Garca, J. M. Chemical recycling of waste plastics for new materials production. defined the methodology. Brazil has been heavily affected by coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). LIFE-2022-SAP-NAT Nature and Biodiversity - Standard Action Projects (SAP) 19, 36923706 (2017). Abbasi, J. At present, the environmental benefits of diaper recycling (including superabsorbent poly(acrylic acid) recovery) are dependent on the avoided material burdens52. Lancet Respir. Chem. The reduction in life expectancy at age 65 (e65) in 2020 was 0.9 years, setting Brazil back to 2012 levels. and M.T.R. They might reduce access to and coverage of primary care and increase infant mortality and avoidable deaths. Smith, D. W. & Bradshaw, B. S. Variation in life expectancy during the twentieth century in the United States. Nature Governance ). conceived the research. Science 371, 288292 (2021). Skilled in Business Planning, Operations Management, Business Intelligence, and Logistics Management. Ambiente & Sociedade 23, e0108 (2020). Presentation(edition Call 2021- content valid also for call 2022), European Climate Infrastructure and Environment Executive Agency, This site is managed by the European Climate, Infrastructure and Environment Executive Agency, LIFE-2022-SAP-NAT Nature and Biodiversity - Standard Action Projects (SAP), Follow the European Commission on social media, Programme for the Environment and Climate Action (LIFE), European Climate, Infrastructure and Environment Executive Agency, LIFE - Support for applicants (europa.eu). Effect of economic recession and impact of health and social protection expenditures on adult mortality: a longitudinal analysis of 5565 Brazilian municipalities. performed the computations mentored by P.M.Z. Proc. On. Faria, N. R. et al. Green. . Trans. R. Soc. Nature and Biodiversity - axudas.gal xUmo@G9*R*S[u#>RejBG4aSgcwy2+`p3CJ)i 7 years of experience in SAP GL-MDM, SAP MDG and SAP ECC (Cost Center, Profit Center & General Ledger). endobj Programme for Environment and Climate Action (LIFE) ID: LIFE-2021-SAP-NAT-NATURE: Types of action: LIFE Project Grants: Deadline model: single-stage: Opening date: 13 July 2021: Deadline date: 30 November 2021 17:00:00 Brussels time . life-2021-sap-nat nature #life 2021 sap env gov #life-2021-sap-nat nature #life 2021 ta pp env sip #Life Call #life programme 2021 #LIFE Program #call for proposals climate change 2021 #life 2021 strat two stage Rahimi, A. 75, 337345 (2002). The SAP SF and Payroll Rollout initiative is a strategic technology that will reinvent the HR function in the implementing markets This initiative will establish an integrated HR platform that. For all intervals except ages 01, 15 and 90+, the interval length n is 5 years wide. IBGE. Fifth, reductions in the health budget and changes in the health financing model are likely to affect health outcomes40. Self-wetting adhesive composition. 276, 123350 (2020). Il 13 luglio stato aperto il primo invito a presentare proposte nell'ambito del nuovo programma LIFE 2021-202 7, che comprende quattro sottoprogrammi: natura e biodiversit, economia circolare e qualit della vita, California, United States. Sci. Instead, we envisioned a 23 step method from crosslinked sodium polyacrylate: (i) acid-catalyzed or base-mediated decrosslinking to generate linear polymers, (ii) optional sonication to lower the molar mass, and (iii) functionalizing via esterification to generate tack (Fig. Nmero 30 116 (Instituto Brasileiro de Geografia e EstatsticaIBGE, Diretoria de Pesquisas, Coordenao de Populao e Indicadores Sociais, 2013). To circumvent these challenges, the water by-product can be selectively removed via azeotropic distillation, or a large excess of alcohol can be employed44,45. Diabetes Res. George Paulus Dias - Managing Director - GP3 - LinkedIn Among males, two states, Amazonas and Par, both in the North region, lost all that was gained over 2 decades (Fig. Moreover, the life cycle assessments, which utilized soiled diapers as the starting point, demonstrated that these open-loop recycling methods outperform the conventional routes from petroleum-derived feedstocks on nearly every metric, including for the key LCA metrics of global warming potential and cumulative energy demand. PubMedGoogle Scholar. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the articles Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. Commission has launched on 17 May 2022 the LIFE Programme Calls for proposals. LIFE-2022-SAP-NAT-GOV Nature Governance Each project application under the call must address only one of these topics. <> Carlyle, R. L. Process for the production of acrylic acid esters. Ultrason. B Biol. Recent technologies for treatment and recycling of used disposable baby diapers. Stab. The corresponding VW for each adhesive is the rectangular region bounded by these four moduli. Chubarova, E. V., Melenevskaya, E. Y. Fourth, the economic crisis that hit Brazil in 2014 has contributed to increases in mortality35, poverty and inequality36. Vaccine 39, 34043409 (2021). Life Cycle Assess. Also, the states with extreme values changed only for e65 for both sexes, with the lowest shifting from Roraima in 2019 to Amazonas in 2020. 3a). Francisco D. - Specialist - SAP General Ledger - Master Data - LinkedIn interpreted the data. Strong business development professional with a PhD focused in Teaching Engineering with Games from Universidade de So Paulo. Pract. Int. Our results quantify the effect of the COVID-19 death toll on life expectancy in Brazil. Get the latest from your favourite shows on National Geographic Clean. You are using a browser version with limited support for CSS. Similarly to Brazil, many other countries in Latin America experienced a relatively fast pace of mortality improvement during this period, benefitting from the public health and medical progress of their forerunners9,11. We hypothesized that we could potentially eliminate the need to remove water because both the polymer backbone and our alcohol solvent are hydrophobic. In Kirk-Othmer Encyclopedia of Chemical Technology (John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 2003). J. Environ. Thus, we estimated total deaths in 2021, inclusive of COVID-19 deaths, as \({\,}_nD_x = ({\,}_nK_x - \,_nD_x^{COV})({\,}_n^ \ast M_x) + \,_nD_x^{COV}\), where \({\,}_nD_x\) is the number of deaths estimated to occur in 2021 in the age range x to x + n; \({\,}_nK_x\) is the population at risk in the age range x to x + n; \({\,}_n^ \ast M_x\) are age-specific mortality rates in the absence of COVID-19 (assumed to be 2019 mortality rates); and \({\,}_nD_x^{COV}\) is the number of confirmed COVID-19 deaths. Mechanically-induced chemical changes in polymeric materials. a, Change (in years) in the femalemale gap in e0 and e65 based on the difference from life tables calculated for 2019 and 2020 by state and sex. Several environmental impact categories were examined, but particular attention was paid to the global warming potential (GWP) and cumulative energy demand (CED). Several provisional patent and patent applications have been filed based on this work. Unfortunately, most used diapers sit in landfills without substantial biodegradation, or are incinerated. Tobing, S. D. & Klein, A. Molecular parameters and their relation to the adhesive performance of acrylic pressure-sensitive adhesives. M.C.C. Rev. All authors contributed to the interpretation of results and manuscript editing. Esterification of polyacrylic acid using alkyl halides under basic conditions had already been reported38. The Kick-off meeting of the LIFE-2021-SAP-NAT-NATURE TURTLENEST project will be held on January 20 in Rome, at the Legambiente headquarters. Reaction conditions and yields for acid-catalyzed esterification of poly(acrylic acid), acetic acid, and undecanoic acid. Depolymerization of polymers. Marques, N. P. et al. For candidates working in person or remotely in the below locations, the salary* range for this specific position is $72,960 to $131,328. Mechanical recycling is not feasible because the crosslinks prevent melting. 4a). Fornof, A. R. et al. 5)49,50. 916 (Springer International Publishing AG, 2018). What it lacks is leadership commitment to save lives. Missed childhood immunizations during the COVID-19 pandemic in Brazil: analyses of routine statistics and of a national household survey. Preston, S., Heuveline, P. & Guillot, M. Demography: Measuring and Modeling Population Processes (Wiley-Blackwell, 2000). 8). (In contrast to this assumption, the potential dependence between COVID-19 and other causes might lead to modified probabilities of dying from other causes if COVID-19 were eliminated or added as a cause of death.) To summarize, we developed a facile and potentially scalable method to synthesize commercially relevant PSAs by open-loop recycling poly(acrylic acid) sourced from a leading diaper manufacturer. Provided by the Springer Nature SharedIt content-sharing initiative, Nature Medicine (Nat Med) produced all visualization. Lotta, G., Wenham, C., Nunes, J. Ellen MacArthur Foundation. 5, 501516 (2020). Catal. "Environment" area. If material is not included in the articles Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. We created data visualizations in R, ArcMap version 10.8 (ESRI) and Adobe Illustrator CS6. In just the first 4 months of 2021, Brazil surpassed the number of COVID-19 deaths during all of 2020. Article Lancet 396, 367368 (2020). & Cameron, E. E. Suboptimal US response to COVID-19 despite robust capabilities and resources. and JavaScript. We calculated the correlation between the speed of the spread of COVID-19 deaths (measured by the locational Hoover Index)18 and the decline in e0. b, Gap (in years) in state e0 and e65 in 2019 and 2020, calculated as the difference between the largest and smallest life expectancy among states (Methods). July 4, 2022 life 2021 sap nat naturebritish white cattle for sale in washingtonbritish white cattle for sale in washington x\[s8~w! Percentage loss due to COVID-19 mortality relative to increases in female and male e0 (a) and e65 (b) between 2000 and 2020 by state. Peter Bauer, Jonas Brugger, Martin Posch, Sven Drefahl, Matthew Wallace, Gunnar Andersson, Hctor Pifarr i Arolas, Enrique Acosta, Mikko Myrskyl, Ian F. Miller, Alexander D. Becker, C. Jessica E. Metcalf, Stefano Amore, Emanuela Puppo, Giuseppe Liotta, Ariel Pablos-Mndez, Simone Villa, Richard Alan Cash, Megan ODriscoll, Gabriel Ribeiro Dos Santos, Henrik Salje, Nature Medicine Thiounn, T. & Smith, R. C. Advances and approaches for chemical recycling of plastic waste. Polym. Andrady, A. L. Jennifer Sargent was the primary editor on this article and managed its editorial process and peer review in collaboration with the rest of the editorial team. Natl Acad. A 245, 132140 (2006). Because this recycling method should be amenable to waste polymer as the feedstock, it offers a more sustainable alternative to diaper disposal in a landfill or incineration. Usually, the mid-year population is a good approximation of person-years lived during the year. Among states, Amazonas lost 60.4% of the improvements in e0 since 2000. This result suggests that most crosslinks had been hydrolyzed within 15h (Supplementary Fig. Hong, M. & Chen, E. Y.-X. Chem. When intense shocks like a pandemic or war occur, life expectancy drops, but it often rebounds quickly. 6, 35893595 (2018). To compute the total persons-years lived for 2020, we added the monthly contributions. Hone, T. et al. To probe whether the hydrophobic side chains also push the equilibrium towards esterification, atomistic simulations were used (Supplementary Information pgs S27S29)46,47. Sci. From April to December 2020, an emergency basic income program mitigated the challenges imposed by the pandemic37 (for example, unemployment), but this benefit ended in December 2020. One salient example is the superabsorbent material used in diapers and feminine hygiene products, which contain crosslinked sodium polyacrylates. https://www.theguardian.com/world/2021/apr/27/brazil-begins-parliamentary-inquiry-into-bolsonaros-covid-response (2021). Briefly, nonamers of polyacrylic acid were used as a model system along withbutanol Comparison of the reaction free energies was made between the first esterification and the final esterification. Considering this factor, the optimized conditions involved sonicating a 2.5% w/v solution for 1min to give an Mw ~360kg/mol, and a 5.0% w/v solution for 2min to give a Mw of ~330kg/mol37. 4 0 obj Process Lead Job in Jacksonville, FL at Owens Corning Barberia, L. G. & Gmez, E. J. Experienced Manager with a demonstrated history of working in the computer software industry. States are colored according to major regions. LIFE 2021 IS PUBLISHED - zabala.eu Raber, D. J. et al. Projects focussing exclusively on governance are excluded from this Call topic and covered by the related Call topic LIFE-2021-SAP-NAT-GOV. May 1998 - Jan 20012 years 9 months. Stab. https://portal.fiocruz.br/sites/portal.fiocruz.br/files/documentos/boletim_covid_2021_extraordinario_maio.pdf (2021).