ZDkwZWNkNGYzNjQ0OGRkZmJkZDNlMDA0M2ZiMzkyYmE0ZDJjYWQ1OWIxYjk5 "Love bears all things. NGFlNzEyN2ZhMTJiZjAyODQyZmUxMGU4OWI5MDNlOGFhNWU4NmM2NGE0ODZh Last week, the lead pastor of Hillsong Atlanta, Sam Collier, emailed his church to inform them that he was withdrawing his church from Hillsong in the wake of consistent media attacks, slander, and accusations against Hillsong some of which, he acknowledged, were true. . ZDk1MmRkYjI2NDA0OWNlOWI3YTNiYTFkNzBmMjY0MWZmNzc2OTI4YTIyOTU5 To contact us or to submit an article, click here. What to Expect When you attend our service you may find us similar in some ways, and different in others, than churches you have already attended. Worshippers at the last Hillsong service in Atlanta Sunday. Decisions are made in the council upon coming to a consensus. . PDF Charismatic Episcopal Church of North America | The CEC-NA I think they really do believe theyre doing the work of God, said Jenna. -----BEGIN REPORT----- And he bristled when he and other lead pastors were asked to sign noncompete and non-disparagement agreements in the wake of the scandal in the East Coast branches. Hopes all things. Charismatic Episcopal Church50 Saint Thomas PlMalverne, NY 11565, Sign Up for the Sursum Corda, Our Newsletter, Our Mission: To reach the Least, the Lost, and the Lonely with the Gospel, Church website mobile friendly fast and easy. Archbishop Austin Randolph Adler, founder of the International Communion of the Charismatic Episcopal Church, died Friday from complications of a second stroke he sustained last Sunday. In the email, Mr. Dooley said Mr. Houstons resignation came as a tremendous surprise to many members of our community. The church press office did not respond to questions about whether Mr. Houston would receive a severance package or any future financial compensation from the church. The Charismatic Episcopal Church follows the rites in the Book of Common Prayer; celebrates Holy Communion every Sunday . Former church members say the allegations are an indictment of an authoritarian culture that originated with Ruch. We remain dedicated to the founding vision of our communion and ask all of the faithful to stand with us as intercessors and spiritual warriors, for we wrestle not against flesh and blood. He could not be immediately reached for comment. The charismatic 40-year-old is a well-known religious leader in Miami who dispensed relationship advice on Spanish-language television shows, church radio programs and newspaper columns. It can exist through worship music alone or encompass many parts of the service and life of the believers. international communion of the charismatic episcopal church, We are a World Wide church that is Charismatic, Evangelical, Sacramental, led by Apostolic Bishops. Given that shift, the Perrines were an unusual choice for leadership at Rez. The ministry team then selects the candidate they believe is the best person for the position. The charismatic movement, launched in the 1960s, argued that fruit came from a special "second-blessing experience", attested by so-called "speaking in tongues". CHARISMATIC EPISCOPAL CHURCH EXPERIENCES SPLIT, Posted but not written by David W. Virtue Decisions are made in the council upon coming to a consensus. (2) The LORD will preserve him and keep him alive, And he will be blessed on the earth; You will not deliver him to the will of his enemies. We are thankful to God for the reunion achieved this week and ask for grace from the Throne of God to make our reconciliation complete and lasting. Jenna said she declined another job offer to apply. The Episcopal Church, like several other mainline Protestant denominations, has seen a decline over the last decade in contributions from local churches and dioceses. The Charismatic Episcopal Church (CEC), officially the International Communion of the Charismatic Episcopal Church (ICCEC), is a Christian denomination established in 1992. The Church of the Incarnation is a Charismatic Episcopal Church located at: 116 Vance Avenue Black Mountain, NC. Several committees were charged with overseeing her work, but "there just were no suspicious signs earlier," Solheim said. We are a church holding to a high view of the Holy Scriptures of the Old and New Testaments, believing them to contain all things necessary for salvation; nothing can be taught as necessary for salvation that is not contained therein. 'We are part of the Anglican Free Communion an organization of Anglican churches based out of London, England that was founded in 1897. ZWZmN2JkNjM4NGVlMThjMDAwMDhhZDY4ZmQ2MzA1MTk2YjY0ODYyMTEzNWVk Y2VjNTA4ZjBlOTk2NWY4ZThjZjZlMTUxYjRiMWY3NDBiY2JhNzA0MDU1YWU0 This cookie is set by GDPR Cookie Consent plugin. The Episcopal Church on the other hand, has embraced the entire panoply of sexualities - LGBTQI - with devastating consequences to its future. Then gay-rights activists called him a "charismatic fundamentalist" because he opposed the ordination of sexually active gays and lesbians and preached that sex outside of marriage was sin. in liturgical worship. We believe that through the baptism of the Holy Spirit, all believers are empowered to participate in the fullness of ministry. YjQzZWZlNDlmNGU5ODY0OGU1NmI2MDU4ZGY0ODBhNDllMzE1M2RjZDE0NWI2 We are truly sorry for this tear in our unity and accept that we bear, as the spiritual heads of our communion, this burden. It was a unique work of God borne into the hearts of dedicated and faithful clergy from a number of denominations (Pentecostals, Baptists, Anglicans, Lutherans, Independent Charismatics, Wesleyans, etc.) Archdiocese of Los Angeles: $660 Million. The departures are partly the fallout from a series of crises most recently the sudden resignation of its charismatic founder that have left the church with a tarnished reputation and instability that pastors say they found increasingly difficult to endure. Performance cookies are used to understand and analyze the key performance indexes of the website which helps in delivering a better user experience for the visitors. And the last year has been a lot of painful work around trying to decipher what was God and what was Stewart., Church of the Resurrection in Wheaton, Illinois. Necessary cookies are absolutely essential for the website to function properly. By the end, we were told we were leaving because we were the problem.. (4) I said, 'LORD, be merciful to me; Heal my soul, for I have sinned against You.' The Charismatic Episcopal Church of North America A Church fully Evangelical We are a church holding to a high view of the Holy Scriptures of the Old and New Testaments, believing them to contain all things necessary for salvation; nothing can be taught as necessary for salvation that is not contained therein. It felt like all of our previous ministry experience was unimportant, our education almost needed to be deprogrammed and reprogrammed, said Jenna. Christ the King is a Parish and Cathedral of the International Communion of the Charismatic Episcopal Church, a global communion of local congregations.We are the Cathedral of the Northeast Diocese of the CEC in North America. When pressed, according to John, Ruch said it had been decided that John was too spiritually immature to church plant. Y2ZlM2VhM2U2NTRkN2U1N2ZkMjJkZjEzYmZjNWNjODIwMjEyIn0= Virtueonline 2014 all rights reserved.570 Twin Lakes Rd.,P.O. Nicholas Cooke, at a meeting in Virginia eight days ago. N2FlNDg0YTY0MDk2Zjk3ZTBiNmZmZGE5ZTk2MzRhY2UxMWZjMDdjNWZmNmFk When Cooke left her job as business manager at the National Cathedral School in 1971, "she was well thought of and there were no problems discovered," said Richard Dirksen, the school's current chief financial officer, who succeeded Cooke. They saw themselves as equal partners, and when, in 2017, John was the only one to receive training for the church planting residency, Jenna asked how she could pursue her ministry calling. However, you may visit "Cookie Settings" to provide a controlled consent. It is to fulfill this duty that we speak openly now, to comfort the sheep of this little flock and to let the skeptics visible and invisible know that this communion's bishops stand sure in the confidence and peace that Christ alone gives. "At a time when people's trust level in the national church is being questioned and it's harder to raise money, the Cooke incident is especially painful," said James Solheim, director of news and information for the church. Hillsong drew crowds with its upbeat approach to worship and soaring musical performances. Anyone can read what you share. Hillsong translated the charismatic church experience, which emphasizes miracles and personal encounters with the Holy Spirit, for a hip, upscale audience. A few may have received reports that the Most Rev. The Roman Catholic Church will hold firm to Scripture, history and tradition to maintain its position regardless of how many priests, bishops and cardinals are living double lives and broken the moral law. At its largest, there was a time when up to 35 people would come to worship. The cookie is set by the GDPR Cookie Consent plugin and is used to store whether or not user has consented to the use of cookies. As treasurer for the last nine years, Ellen Cooke was the equivalent of a corporate chief financial officer, supervising the cash flow, investments and trust funds of the church. Download Now! Donald Miles, resigned from the Charismatic Episcopal Church in late May. We are committed to advancing God's kingdom by proclaiming the Gospel to the least, the lost . MjMxYWUzYmJhOTdmOGU0ODNjNWJkNjQ5OWE5MzEwNmNlZjczNmI2M2RkMjk3 His hiring as Hillsongs first Black lead pastor was announced about a week before the news of Mr. Lentzs misconduct became public in 2020, meaning his entire tenure at the church has been clouded by scandal emanating from Hillsong entities far from Atlanta. Believes all things. At the diocese of Virginia, where she worked for six months in 1986, "we have no evidence of any irregularities during that time," Virginia Bishop Peter James Lee said in a statement. Consider Jesus' shocking demand . Our practice with couples who express marital difficulties is to recommend they remain faithful to their marriage vows and seek professional counseling., In 2017, Ruch and his wife, Katherine, launched a sermon series on gender and sexuality called Fully Alive. "He believed that this world was the arena of salvation and that a kingdom was already present that would one day find consummation on every square inch of a renewed earth, Tanner said. There are two in Missouri, including the one right here in Columbia. [2][6][7], A few years after the consecration of Adler, the ICCEC's clergy began to express concern about Barker's embrace of theological liberalism, Gnosticism, Theosophy, non-traditional sexual ethics, and the ordination of women to the priesthood, all of which are contrary to ICCEC beliefs. We are a church open to the continued working of the Holy Spirit. Though initially formed by dissenting Episcopalians, ACNA has shown modest growth over its decade of existence. It is a sacramental church that embraces the Bible as the Word of God, The Holy Spirit that moves and heals in our life, and the Sacramental, which provides authority structure to the growing church. Randolph Adler, St. Michael's Cathedral in San Clemente, CA. About Us | Passionate towards God's worship since 1992 - ICCEC The Lowdown on the Charismatic Episcopal Church pace quickened for Bishop William C. Frey in 1985 when he was one of four candidates to become presiding bishop of the Episcopal Church. Charismatic Renewal, or Neo-Pentecostalism - The Episcopal Church While the bishops repeatedly asked for specificity or some verifiable charge, no specific heresy, immoral act, or gross negligence was proffered against any leader of the Charismatic Episcopal Church. Nzk1NmU0NmFkNGY4ZTcwNjU4YWU4ZmFiYjUyNGE5ZjNiMTIxMDUxNTZiZTA5 "No one has implied that" Cooke's husband was involved in the alleged embezzlement, Solheim said, and "people are hoping not." We, the bishops of the Charismatic Episcopal Church, stand in unity under Jesus Christ, who makes us one by the Spirit of his Father. Mr. Crist expects to begin holding services June 1 under a new name to be determined. Love never fails." It is the purpose of the seminary to prepare candidates for ordained ministry and provide opportunities for Christians to deepen their knowledge of the Christian faith, and equip people in all stations of life for greater service in the work or ministry to which God has called them. Christian denomination established in 1992, Emblem of the Charismatic Episcopal Church, Summary of the Patriarch's Council, Spring 2007, were calling Christians back to their roots in the primitive church, Personal Ordinariate of the Chair of Saint Peter, Communion of Evangelical Episcopal Churches, Charismatic Episcopal Church Patriarch Answers Questions About His Church, "Find a Church Near me | Pentecostal, Evangelical, catholic", "History of the Catholic Apostolic Church of Antioch", "Local man ordained to Anglican ordinariate", "The International Communion of the Charismatic Episcopal Church", "Catechism of the International Communion of the Charismatic Episcopal Church (2014)", Official CEC news, information, and resources, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Charismatic_Episcopal_Church&oldid=1127776231, Christian denominations founded in the United States, Christian organizations established in 1992, Evangelical denominations in North America, Articles with unsourced statements from March 2017, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License 3.0. Mr. Dooley, the interim leader, said in an email to The Times through the church press office that he has been talking with members of our team around the world in what seems like a nonstop conversation since the revelations of Mr. Houstons behavior. The church has blamed medication and alcohol for Mr. Houstons actions. The Perrines are two of 21 people who told Religion News Service in recent interviews that they were spiritually abused at Resurrection, which is the seat of ACNAs Upper Midwest Diocese. From left, Bishop Stewart Ruch III, John and Jenna Perrine, and Aaron Damiani, rector at Immanuel Anglican Church in Chicago. These cookies help provide information on metrics the number of visitors, bounce rate, traffic source, etc. The churches of Bishop Zampino's diocese, with the exception of one parish and one new mission, remain committed to the vision and work of our church and are not leaving. We are thankful for a denominational structure that provides appropriate channels for parishioners and staff to resolve issues as they arise in the Parish, Diocese, and Province. He never signed. OWIxODk5NWQyOGYxMTIzYjg2OWRlM2YwYzgwNzE0ODlkZjMzMjdkN2JhMTBh Charismatic Episcopal Church of North America | The CEC-NA YjkwZjc2NzMyZTYzMzUyNjNlNDZhYTY1MTU4YmM4YzAxZjcwMzlkYjhiMWE1 HOME [dioceseofflorida.com] Generated by Wordfence at Sat, 4 Mar 2023 10:46:38 GMT.Your computer's time: document.write(new Date().toUTCString());. Bates began to see McIntyres and Crulls interventions which he now identifies as conversion therapy as spiritually abusive. The Upper Midwest diocese Bishop Stewart Ruch III, who has been rector at Rez since 1999 and became bishop in 2013, took a leave of absence in July after admitting to regrettable errors in handling sexual abuse allegations in the diocese. At the center of worship is the Sacrament of Holy Eucharist (Holy Communion) which we believe is the real presence of Christ. YWFiMWE1ZWM4YjBlYzhlYjZiNDk0ZWNjNmZhYjRkN2IxZGIzNjM4ZWE5MjMz The ICCEC believes in the dogmatic statements of the seven ecumenical councils of the state church of Rome, apostolic succession, the real presence of Christ in the Eucharist, the authority of scripture, and the validity of the charismatic revival as a genuine movement of God. But ACNAs decentralized structure allows for a range of theology among its 28 dioceses. A former radio . Our worship is Biblical, liturgical and Spirit-filled, ancient and contemporary, holy and joyful. God of Scandal - IMPACT Magazine Disputes over the interpretation of this resolution have occupied the church ever since. In San Clemente, California, in June of 1992, the Charismatic Episcopal Church was born. A Church fully sacramental/liturgical: At the center of worship is the Sacrament of Holy Eucharist (Holy Communion) which we believe is the real presence of Christ. Phil Dooley, the churchs interim global leader, responded to some questions in an email through the church press office. We believe that through the baptism of the Holy Spirit all believers are empowered to participate in the fullness of ministry. Presiding Bishop Edmond L. Browning informed the church's executive council and staff in a statement Wednesday that treasurer's office employees "discovered evidence of certain irregularities in the management of the church's financial affairs" after Cooke left her post Jan. 31. Y2EzOTk3OGRiOWRiMzYzZWQ0MjE3ZmU0Y2ZkMDVhNzE5MzI5MjNjNWE5NWY3 We are committed to advancing Gods kingdom by proclaiming the Gospel to the least, the lost, and the lonely. Out of deep love and respect for their brother, and for the clergy and people of the Great Lakes Diocese, Archbishop Adler, Archbishop Sly, and Bishop Bates traveled to Detroit this week to meet with Frederick Fick, and with those clergy of the diocese who were able to meet with them on such short notice. Charisma and Institution: The Assemblies of God - religion online [b]VOL: According to Wikipedia, The Charismatic Episcopal Church began when a variety of independent churches throughout the United States, began to blend evangelical teaching and charismatic worship with liturgies from the 1979 Book of Common Prayer, inspired by the spiritual pilgrimages of modern Evangelicals like Thomas Howard, Robert E. Webber and Peter E. Gillquist and the ancient . Out of these, the cookies that are categorized as necessary are stored on your browser as they are essential for the working of basic functionalities of the website. A Church fully Charismatic We are a church open to the continued working of the Holy Spirit. Some progress was achieved in a spirit of reconciliation, but there is yet more work to be done. At the center of worship is the Sacrament of Holy Eucharist (Holy Communion), which we believe is the real presence of Christ. In 1996, Adler was named the communion's first patriarch. St. George's Charismatic Episcopal Church - Net Ministries There is a kind of blind submission to authority present at Rez that, in my understanding of the broader Anglican world, is not standard.. For a trial to go forward, one-quarter of all bishops must agree. As bishops of the People of God it is first and foremost our duty to guard the faith, doctrine, and unity of the Church. In an email to RNS, John wrote that many in church leadership, including Katherine Ruch, told Jenna that her call to ministry and to work professionally would change when she became a mother. Its newer dioceses, such as the Upper Midwest and others that make a priority of planting new churches, at least anecdotally appear to attract migrants from charismatic traditions and nondenominational churches, according to Jeremy Bonner, an honorary fellow at Durham University who has studied ACNAs growth. The Perrines realized they could no longer work in the Upper Midwest Diocese but offered to stay on at Immanuel through the summer. The peace and benediction of Christ be with you all, Signed: The Patriarch's Council of the Charismatic Episcopal Church. OTY0ODI3NTk4MDAyOWQxY2ExZjA4ZmUzMTg2OGZkYzI2MmU1ZWQyM2MxMGI4 I have heard its apostolic succession comes through an Orthodox line. A Church fully Sacramental Image courtesy of Google Maps. We seek to learn how we can improve accountability, communication channels, and support for the benefit of all our parishioners, our churches, and our leaders., RELATED: With abuse allegations, conservative Anglican diocese faces questions about structure. The Charismatic Episcopal Church or CEC, or ICCEC, was founded in 1992 by searching Pentecostals, Charismatics, and Evangelicals, who adopted a Sacramental view of Worship, and embraced what has become known as Three Streams Worship. Charismatic - The Episcopal Church Some permit the ordination of women, though they may not be bishops anywhere. Uniquely, the ICCEC is not a schism or splinter group from another denomination. Their messagea recovery of our common and apostolic roots for the faithful transmission of the Gospelbecame the catalyst and heartbeat for our church. . The press office for Hillsong said there were no plans to reestablish Hillsong Atlanta. The Historic Episcopate in Apostolic Succession, the gift of Christ's authority to the Church and the trustee of the Church's fidelity to apostolic teaching. In addition, there is the fundamental question as to whether these consecrated bishops were validly ordained priests to begin with, something that could be overcome by a validly ordained bishop who could ordain them to both the priesthood and the episcopacy, but that cant be presumed. Jack Bates began attending Rez with his then wife and son in 2016, shortly after coming out as bisexual. Mr. Collier is launching a new church on Easter Sunday, and expects much of his Hillsong congregation to migrate there. We cannot continue in our global family, as much as we love it, Mr. Crist told his congregation in an emotional sermon on Sunday, citing, among other reasons, the recent resignation of Hillsongs global leader under a haze of scandal. Now, Hillsongs U.S. presence is in collapse. We are committed to advancing Gods kingdom by proclaiming the Gospel to the least, the lost, and the lonely. In an email to RNS, Damiani said, Our hiring practice for senior staff roles involves delegating staffing decisions to an appropriate ministry team. In the last four years, the church's national office has been forced to cut its staff by about one-third and has revamped its mission to serve the goals of local parishes and dioceses. Parish leaders instructed the Perrines not to tell Rez or Immanuel why they were leaving as a condition for receiving severance. Pentecostalism, a charismatic movement, often features practices like speaking in tongues and faith healing. He publicly stated his loyalty to his brothers and pledged to work together with us as we built this church for the next generation. [2] The ICCEC accepts the Protestant canon of the Old and New Testament as the Word of God, containing all things necessary to salvation. The movement spread to major the Anglican, Lutheran, Presbyterian, Roman Catholic, Greek Orthodox and other churches around the world.The Phenomenon of "speaking in tongues"Already in the What Is the Charismatic Movement? - Christianity In 2020, the churchs relationship with money, sex, and celebrity came under renewed scrutiny when Mr. Houston fired Mr. Lentz for leadership issues and breaches of trust, plus a recent revelation of moral failures. Mr. Lentz, a one-time mentor of Mr. Bieber and a celebrity in his own right, confessed that he had been unfaithful to his wife and withdrew from public life. The damning report on child sexual abuse last month reported that clergy had abused nearly 5,000 children since 1950. It is our fond hope that he will continue to work with young men as a mentor of ministers and ministries. Many parishes follow the liturgy of the American version of the Book of Common Prayer (1979). Keep supporting great journalism by turning off your ad blocker. This cookie is set by GDPR Cookie Consent plugin. Todd Bentley Investigation Finds 'Steady Pattern' of Immor | News We believe the Lord is calling us to move into the next season, Mr. Collier told his congregation. Craig Bates is the Primate of the Charismatic Episcopal Church of North America his Cathedral in the Cathedral Church of the Intercessor, in Malverne, NY Bishop Richardo Alcaraz Bishop Ricardo Alcaraz is the Primate of Asia, and the Philippines, and Bishop of the Diocese of Visayas, Philippines and rector of the Bishop Elmer Belmonte Where does real spiritual fruit come from? Back to Glossary Anglicans Online | Churches not 'in the Communion' Ruch did not respond to request for comment. February 17, 1995 The Episcopal Church -- already shaken by budget shortfalls, the recent suicide of a philandering bishop and dissension over ordaining homosexuals -- says it has discovered. OTE5MWQ0MmJmN2IwZTgwZmMzMGIyOWYzZmE2OGU0MTU4M2U1NTAxMTBkYzA1 MWU3NDFiYTA4MWFkZDljM2YyZjFiZWIzMzI3NzRiMzM0MDg4MzViNmQwMmNh As a matter of procedure, I make the final approval.. The only reason we had to depart was that we questioned the structure and authority system with constructive concerns. Charismatic Episcopal Church Patriarch Answers Questions About His Convergence worship is fully charismatic, evangelical, and liturgical/sacramental. On October 15, 2007, at a scheduled patriarch's council meeting, the patriarch, Randolph Adler, requested to retire as patriarch of the ICCEC and as primate of the United States. He said the church is reviewing its policies and procedures to provide both health and accountability for leaders.. In the meantime, we actively reach out to all clergy and congregations that remain estranged from the communion and ask your contrite prayers that God will have mercy on the Charismatic Episcopal Church and its clergy and people. [12][13], In 1999 the ICCEC issued The San Clemente Declaration, a statement of principles governing the CEC's communion with other Christian bodies. Use of and/or registration on any portion of this site constitutes acceptance of our. Other uncategorized cookies are those that are being analyzed and have not been classified into a category as yet. The largest overall Catholic Church sexual abuse settlement was $660 million, which resolved the claims of 508 victims in and around Los Angeles, CA. We live to show forth Gods praise, not only with our lips but in our lives, by giving up ourselves to His service, and by walking before Him, in holiness and righteousness, all our days. For Mr. Crist, leaving Hillsong was the culmination of several years of doubts about the institution. Archbishop Austin Randolph Adler, founder of the International Communion of the Charismatic Episcopal Church, died Friday from complications of a second stroke he sustained last Sunday. RELATED: Alleged victims say ACNA church leaders failed to acknowledge their abuse allegations. The bishops were disappointed by this unilateral departure taken without their advice and counsel. It features interviews with critics, former employees and members, and a woman who has said she had a monthslong affair with Carl Lentz, at the time the celebrity lead pastor of Hillsongs East Coast branches. MjMzOTdhOThlNGI3NzUyNGMyOGJjOGVlMzNhYjkxNjRlN2U1NTViYmMwOGM1 [citation needed] These allegations were heard and adjudicated in June and September 2006 by the Patriarch's Council. Its remaining U.S. locations are in the Northeast and in California, meaning Hillsong no longer has a major presence between the coasts. But they found that the evangelical-Episcopal culture came with severe requirements to conform. Our communion of churches remains strong in the thrice-bound cords of divine love that the Spirit makes possible, especially in our weakness. Catholic Church Sexual Abuse Lawsuit | Settlement Amounts & More Done! Former members also said church leaders pressured them to stay in abusive relationships, subjected them to conversion therapy and denied them leadership positions for voicing criticism. These cookies track visitors across websites and collect information to provide customized ads. In contrast, Archbishop Marcel Lefebvres consecration of four Society of St. Pius X (SSPX) priests as bishops in June 1988 was illicit but undoubtedly valid. Tanner said Adler impacted tens of thousands for Jesus. The articles of the declaration are as follows:[3]. 2021 22 Apr. 32 were here. This is true, but their resignation has not been accepted by the bishops. After three years, the Perrines, now parents, left for Ireland in February 2020, burdened with an expensive lease in Chicago and no source of income. The church press office described the agreements as standard elements of their general contracts with church leaders.